Chapter 12 Basic of group
Auxiliary substances for
tableting. Fillers. Fluffers. Connecting
Substances. The substances promoting sliding. Dyes.
Basic groups of auxiliary substances for tabletirovanija.
Napolniteli are the substances used for giving to a tablet
The certain weight when medicinal substance
Enters into its structure in a small dosage (0,01 - 0,001ã), usually
Strong substance. In quality napolnitelej apply
Saccharose, lactose, glucose, sodium chloride, starch, sodium
A hydrocarbonate, etc. Napolniteli, possessing good flowability and
pressuemostju, are used for direct pressing. They not
Are inert formoobrazovateljami, and substantially
Define speed of liberation, speed and completeness vsasyvanija
Medicinal substance, and also his stability. All
The auxiliary substances used in manufacture of tablets,
Depending on purpose are subdivided into the following groups:
The fluffers connecting substances, the substances promoting
To sliding, dyes.
Fluffers - enter in structure tabletiruemyh weights with the purpose
Maintenance of their fast mechanical destruction in the liquid environment
(water or gastric juice), that is necessary for liberation and
The subsequent vsasyvanija medicinal substance. On the mechanism
Actions of them can be subdivided into the following groups: à) substances,
razryvajushchie a tablet after swelling at contact to a liquid;
á) improving wettability and water penetration of a tablet and
Promoting her raspadeniju and to dissolution; â) providing
Destruction of a tablet in the liquid environment in result gazoobrazovanija.
To the substances possessing ability to swelling in the liquid environment,
Concern an acid alginic (PS from brown sea seaweed) and
natrievaja salt of her, amilopektin, MTS, natrievaja salt
karboksimetiltselljulozy, an agar - agar (PS from crimson sea
Seaweed), tragakant, PVP.
To the substances improving wettability, concern neionogennye
Surface-active substances - twins. Twins promote
To education gidrofilnyh por in a tablet, on which water or
Digestive juices will penetrate inside of a tablet. The twin - 80 possesses
Sharply expressed gidrofilnostju and added in small
Quantity (0,2 % from a lump of a tablet) result in reduction
Time raspadaemosti and to acceleration, vsasyvanija the some people
Medicinal substances. To same group of loosening substances
Carry starch which action is caused not so much
Swelling grains, how much increase in porosity of tablets and
Creation of conditions for penetration into them of a liquid.
Gas-forming substances: a mix of an acid citric or wine with
Sodium a hydrocarbonate; acids citric from calcium a carbonate
Are applied at reception of "sparkling" tablets.
At penetration of water or digestive juices into weight
The tablet containing a mix of the specified substances there is a reaction
Interactions of components of the mix, accompanying with allocation
ÑÎ2. As a result of a tablet are exposed mechanical
To destruction.
Connecting substances are entered in a dry kind or in granulating
A solution in structure of weights for tabletirovanija at a granulating for
Maintenance of durability of granules and tablets. At dry
Granulatings add a small amount communicating
Substances, for example cellulose or polietilenglikol.
At damp granulatings there is a rule: if it is required
To add a small amount of a dampener, connecting
Substances enter in a mix in a dry kind, if quantity
A dampener big connecting substance enter as
A solution. Solubility of connecting substance also renders
Influence on a choice of a way of his introduction. As connecting
Substances apply pure solvents (water, ethanol), as
They in part dissolve tabletiruemyj a material; natural gum
(an acacia, tragakant), gelatin, sugar (as syrups konts. 50-
67 %), krahmalnyj the paste, derivative cellulose, an acid
Alginic and alginaty.
Researches have shown, that with increase in concentration of a solution
Connecting substances worsens raspadaemost tablets and speed
Liberation of medicinal substance. It concerns to such
To substances, as krahmalnyj paste, Na KMTS, polietilenoksid and
Gelatin. As to PVP the increase in his quantity improves
Liberation of medicinal substance. This is possible to say and
About alginat sodium. Hence, for everyone tabletiruemogo
A material it is expedient to select optimum quantitative and
Qualitative structure of connecting substances, that, having received
The best mechanical properties granuljata and tablets to provide
At the same time required them raspadaemost and speed
Liberation of medicinal substance.
The substances promoting sliding. By the nature sliding
Substances can be broken into two groups: à) fats and zhiropodobnye
Substances; á) powdery substances.
à) the paraffin, hydrogenated vegetative fats and oil - cocoa,
Added in quantity up to 2 %, stearaty calcium and magnesium,
A pure stearin acid (≤ 1 %). á) talc, starch and the twin - 80.
Talc in granuljat add no more than 3 % since he operates
razdrazhajushche on mucous membranes. Poroshkoobraznye substances
Find the greater application, than fatty, as the last
Are reflected in solubility and chemical stability of tablets.
Poroshkoobraznye sliding substances are entered by dusting
granuljata.
On the functions sliding substances share on 3 groups:
Providing the sliding, greasing and interfering
To sticking. They provide the uniform expiration tabletiruemyh
Weights from the bunker in a matrix that guarantees accuracy and
A constancy of a dosage of medicinal substance. Greasing
Substances promote the facilitated pushing out of tablets from
Matrixes, preventing education of scratchs on their sides.
Protivoprilipajushchie substances prevent sticking weight on
Walls of punches and matrixes, and also slipanie chastichek the friend with
The friend.
One more function which which carry out sliding substances:
Removal of an electrostatic charge with chastichek a powder or
granuljata, that also improves their flowability. For this purpose
Use talc, stearaty, aeroforces.
These substances are expedient for entering into structure tabletiruemyh weights in
vysokodispersnom a status. The more a degree of crushing, the
It is more surface tabletiruemoj than weight at identical quantity
They can cover. As talc and stearaty are
Waterproof sliding substances they complicate
Penetration of digestive liquids into porous structure
Tablets that worsens her raspadaemost. For tablets not
Prolonged action it is undesirable, since at
To a therapeutic dosage of medicinal substances slow
Liberation of the last will not provide therapeutic
Their concentration in blood, therefore decrease in the maintenance sliding
Substances at the expense of increase of their dispersiveness allows to improve
Quality of finished goods.
Dyes add for improvement of appearance of tablets. Except for
That, they serve for a designation of therapeutic group
Medicinal substances, for example, soporifics, poisonous. With this
The purpose use dyes: indigo (dark blue color), tartrazin
(Yellow), acid red 2Ñ, tropeolin, eozin. Sometimes
Apply a mix indigo and tartrazina which has green
Color. From pigmentary dyes use a white pigment - the titan
dioksid. Natural dyes are perspective: a chlorophyll,
karatinoidy, painted zhirosahar.
