Chapter 9 Technology of powders.
Crushing. Features powdering. Mixing. Batching.
Packing powders.
Technology of powders.
Includes the following stages: Crushing, sifting (in a drugstore not
Mixing, batching, packing apply).
Crushing - is necessary not only for achievement of the greater
Medical effect, but also for the greater exact batching: at
Crushing the size of particles of medicinal substances is leveled,
Then they well mix up and are not stratified at
Batching.
In chemist's conditions for poroshkovanija mortars are applied with
A pestle. Knocks are done of porcelain, a glass, agate, pig-iron,
Steel and copper. Porcelain mortars are most widely applied,
Which are issued seven numbers. Porcelain concerns to fragile
To materials of high hardness, steady to istiraniju. At
Crushing medicinal substances the small part of them is lost in
porah mortars. Fills time of a mortar only in the substance pounded
The first. Losses of substances for the bill "zatiranija" can change in
Wide limits depending on a kind of substance. Preparation
Complex powders begins with the substances having be relative
Small losses. In a mortar it is necessary poroshkovat a mix of substances, instead of
Everyone. Crushing substances in a mortar, hold her
The left hand, densely pressing to a surface of a table. A pestle rotate
A brush of the right hand without participation loktevogo and humeral joints.
Besides mortars for crushing firm medicinal substances
Use mills in which crushing it is carried out
lopastnymi mixers - knifes (W up to 24000 rev/min). For
Improvements poroshkovanija, in case of need, substance
Dry in a drying case at temperature 40 - 50? C.
Trudnoporoshkuemye substances crush at the presence of spirit or
An ether (10 drops of spirit or 15 drops of an ether on 1 g substances).
Painting substances do not pound the first.
At poroshkovanii industrially it is necessary to take into account, that,
For example, for a rhizome of a rhubard one efforts are required, and for
Crushing sugar others, much more smaller. Therefore in the first
Cases it is necessary molotkovaja a mill, and in the second - spherical.
The type of roots matters also. For fibrous roots one type
Machines, and for not fibrous - another. It is necessary to take into account and
Humidity of raw material, raw material should be necessarily dried up to W =
6 - 8 % (instead of commodity 12-14 %).
Features poroshkovanija:
Poroshkovanie medicinal substances, form poisonous or
Irritating dust. The least raising dust machines - spherical are applied
Mills. Poroshkovanie conduct in separate premises. Machines
Close casings. Measures of personal safety - respirators,
Overalls.
Poroshkovanie with cooling (a soap, pitches, wax firm fats)
- for increase in fragility of substances. Process conduct with submission
Cold air after preliminary cooling in
A refrigerator of products.
Poroshkovanie after preliminary degreasing oil, which
Worsen quality of powders at storage, delete ekstraktsiej
Gasoline.
Poroshkovanie with the help of subsidiary substances. Trudnoporoshkuemye
Substances mix up with other substances, improves
Crushing. Vanilla + sugar (sugar adsorbs a moisture from vanilla).
Camphor, a boric acid + spirit, an ether.
Mixing the Basic purpose - reception homogeneous powder
Mixes. Mixing, as a rule, spend in parallel and
Crushing.
Fundamentals:
1). Crushing and mixing begins with that substance, which
< it is rubred in time of a mortar and gradually add another
Substance;
Crushing and mixing begins with krupnokristallicheskogo
Substances;
Easily sprayed substances add in last turn.
Waterproof substances (for example, talc) are sprayed more easy, than
gidrofilnye.
Crushing and mixing begin with that medicinal
Substances which is written out in < quantity. However to not overlook
Thus, that "zatirat" time of a mortar is necessary substance,
Which is written out in > quantity. It is necessary to save the order « from
Smaller to the greater ».
As at preparation of complex powders will crush and
Mix - two parallel operations, mixing conduct in
dezintegratorah and spherical mills. Alongside with it for
Mixing amalgamators of various designs are used.
Drum-type, tape amalgamators.
Batching. It is carried out 2-ìÿ by ways: on weight, on volume.
More exact - on weight. In a drugstore - with the help of manual weights.
Volumetric batching - less exact, than on weight, however, more
proizvoditelnee. With the help dozatora ÄÏÐ-2. It is designed on
Quantity from 0,1 till 2
Industrially operations of batching and packing are
Combined. Packing machines work on volumetric and weight
To a way. The weight way is applied in automatic weights.
Packing powders - 1) paper capsules: à) the glued paper-
For negigroskopichnyh and nonvolatile powders; á) voshchenaja and
parafinirovannaja a paper (the glued paper impregnated with wax
Or paraffin) does not pass a moisture - it is not necessary for camphor and
Menthol which are dissolved in wax and paraffin.
Cellophane - is used in those cases, as pergament
The paper, reduces humidity permeability;
Bottles with pritertymi fuses - for powders with flying
Substances;
Packages from a polyethylene film. After filling packages
Solder. However polythene passes iodine, camphor, etc.
Flying substances.
Capsules gelatinous - for protection of a mucous membrane
A digestive path, for passage of medicinal substance
In a constant kind through a stomach (pankreatin), for masking
A unpleasant smell or taste (quinine, an extract paporotnika
Man's, etc.).
